Watery Eyes: Causes and Prevention Tips

The eyes are not only our window to the world but also mirrors of our emotions and health. They can shine with joy, sparkle with curiosity, or become teary in moments of emotion. But what if watery eyes are not related to emotions?

When they suddenly and uncontrollably start tearing up, this can have a variety of causes. In this blog post, we will explore potential reasons for watery eyes and provide valuable tips on how to stop your eyes always tearing up.

What Are Watery Eyes?

Watery eyes, also known as epiphora, refer to a common phenomenon in which excess tear fluid spills over the edge of the eyelid. The lacrimal gland, located above the eyeball in the outer eye socket, continuously produces tear fluid. The blinking of the eye helps distribute this fluid evenly across the surface of the eye, creating a tear film that keeps the eye moist.

The tear film consists of a three-layered structure:

• Mucous Layer: Also called the mucin layer, it is located directly on the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye. It ensures that the tear film adheres to the surface of the eye.

• Aqueous Layer: As the middle layer, it contains dissolved salts, vitamins, trace elements, as well as defense agents and nutrients for the eye tissue.

• Lipid Layer: Produced by the Meibomian glands, this lipid or fat layer covers the tear film and prevents the evaporation of the aqueous portion.

Watery eyes can occur due to an overproduction of tears in the aqueous layer, or due to reduced drainage of the tear fluid through the tear ducts. In contrast, dry eyes often result from a deficiency in the other layers. This causes the fluid to not adhere properly to the surface of the eye, and in cases of dry eyes, it may even drain away.

Increased tearing can therefore be caused by excessive tear production (dacryorrhea) or by insufficient drainage through the tear ducts. It is reassuring to know that watery eyes are often temporary and have a harmless cause.

This symptom can occur either temporarily or chronically. Watery eyes can be bothersome, as they may impair vision and cause irritation. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and triggers can help in taking appropriate measures for relief and treatment.

What Are the Most Common Causes of Watery Eyes?

Asking yourself ‘Why do my eyes keep watering?’ Well, there may be a couple of reasons why your eyes keep watering. From dry eyes to infections and underlying diseases, there are different triggers that can lead to this unpleasant symptom.

Dry Eyes

Dry eyes are one of the most common causes of excessive tearing. Although this may sound paradoxical, it happens as a response to the irritation caused by the drying of the eye surface.

In such cases, the eyes produce more tears to combat the dryness. However, these tears often lack the mucous and lipid layers, meaning they cannot adhere properly to the eye, thus failing to offer adequate protection. Factors such as digital eye strain, smoke, dry air, and wearing contact lenses can also cause dry eyes.

Foreign Bodies in the Eye

Tiny foreign objects like dust, sand, or eyelashes can cause irritation and lead to tearing. The eyes increase tear production to flush out the foreign body. Makeup, cosmetics, or allergic reactions to foreign substances can also contribute to this problem.

Infections

Watery eyes can also be caused by infections, such as conjunctivitis or other eye infections. Inflammation and irritation of the eye surface lead to increased tear production. Viral infections like the flu or a cold can also cause watery eyes.

Underlying Diseases

Certain diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, blepharitis, or allergies (pet hair allergies, dust mites, hay fever), can lead to watery eyes as they affect tear production or the quality of the tear fluid. Diabetic retinopathy, thyroid diseases, and autoimmune disorders can also cause watery eyes. Systemic health problems like lupus or Parkinson’s disease can also be linked to your eyes watering.

Environmental Factors

External environmental factors like wind, smoke, dust, and other irritants can irritate the eyes and cause them to produce more tears. Dry heating air and high humidity can also lead to watery eyes. Additionally, being exposed to drafts can quickly make the eyes tear in an attempt to prevent drying out.

Ageing Process

As we age, the quality of the tear fluid can deteriorate, which can lead to weeping eyes. Furthermore, the tear drainage system may narrow as part of the natural ageing process (dacryostenosis). In women, functional tear drainage problems often occur with age due to hormonal changes during menopause.

Entropion and Ectropion

In entropion (inward-turned eyelids), the edges of the eyelids roll inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eye surface. This can lead to irritation, scratches, and tearing eyes. Symptoms may also include redness, a foreign body sensation, and light sensitivity. The main cause of entropion is typically age-related loosening of the lid structures.

In ectropion (outward-turned eyelids), the eyelid edges turn outward, leaving the eye unprotected. This can lead to excessive evaporation of the tear fluid, causing dry eyes and irritation. Symptoms include red, tearing eyes, dry eyes, and a foreign body sensation. Ectropion can be age-related or caused by scarring, injuries, or infections.

Tear Duct Stenosis

Tear duct stenosis, also known as tear duct narrowing, is a possible cause of watery eyes. This condition occurs when the tear ducts, which drain the tear fluid from the eyes to the nose, are partially or completely blocked or narrowed.

The tear ducts consist of a complex system of small channels that run from the inner corners of the eyes to the nasal openings. Normally, the tear fluid flows through these ducts to keep the eye moist. However, when stenosis occurs, the tear fluid accumulates in the tear sac.

The tear sac is a small pouch located in the inner corner of the eye, near the nose. It is part of the tear apparatus and plays a crucial role in draining excess tear fluid from the eyes.

Tear Duct Obstruction

Another possible cause of watery eyes is a blockage of the tear ducts, which can lead to the ducts becoming swollen and inflamed. This blockage can be caused by various factors, such as the use of cosmetics. In such cases, the normal drainage of the tear fluid is disrupted, leading to an overflow of tears, even though the production of the aqueous layer is adequate. This can result in watery eyes and increased light sensitivity.

Watery Eye Treatments

The treatment for watery eyes depends on the underlying cause and can include various measures to provide relief and improve overall eye comfort.

Eye Drops

Eye drops containing artificial tears are an effective way to relieve dry and tearing eyes. These drops contain moisturising substances that mimic natural tears, helping to lubricate and soothe the eye surface.

Applying eye drops is simple: one or two drops are placed in each eye as needed. It is advisable to choose preservative-free drops to minimise irritation. These can be available in single-dose vials or multi-dose bottles. Eye drops provide immediate relief by alleviating dryness and reducing irritation.

Medications

In certain cases of watery eyes, medication may be necessary. Anti-inflammatory drops, containing steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances, can be prescribed to reduce inflammation and regulate tear production. Immunosuppressive medications may also be used to modulate the immune system and influence tear production.

Eye Care

Regular cleaning of the eyelids and eyelashes, especially in cases of blepharitis (eyelid inflammation), can provide relief. Start your day by washing your face and gently cleaning the eye area to remove any debris, dirt, and makeup residue. Use mild, hypoallergenic cleansing products to minimise irritation.

Surgical Interventions

In severe cases of watery eyes caused by anatomical abnormalities or other structural issues, surgery may be considered. This option is usually only explored when conservative treatments have proven insufficient.

A common surgical procedure for treating watery eyes is the removal of tear duct blockages. In this procedure, blockages or narrowing in the tear drainage pathways are removed to improve the natural flow of tears.

Treatment of Underlying Conditions

Targeted treatment of the underlying condition is crucial for long-term relief of watery eyes. In cases of chronic conditions, managing the root health issue is key. This may involve medication, therapies, or lifestyle changes. Successfully treating the underlying condition can help provide sustainable relief from watery eyes and prevent further complications.

When Should I See a Doctor for Watery Eyes?

Watery eyes can have various causes, ranging from temporary irritations to more serious health issues. There are certain signs and situations when it's advisable to visit a doctor to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Persistent or Worsening Symptoms

If your watery eyes persist for a long period or worsen over time, it’s a good idea to consult an eye specialist. Persistent symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires diagnosis and treatment.

Pain, Redness, or Swelling

If watery eyes are accompanied by significant pain, persistent redness, or swelling, seek medical help immediately. These symptoms may point to an infection or other serious eye condition that needs prompt attention.

Impaired Vision

Any changes or impairment in your vision along with watery eyes should be evaluated by a doctor right away. Sudden changes in vision could be a sign of a serious problem that requires urgent medical attention.

Accompanying Symptoms and Health Conditions

If watery eyes are accompanied by other symptoms such as light sensitivity, blurred vision, headaches, fever, or general malaise, it is important to consult a doctor. This could indicate a systemic illness and may require a more comprehensive eye examination.

How to Prevent Watery Eyes

There are several measures you can take to prevent watery eyes and support your eye health. Here are some tips that may help:

• Get Enough Sleep: Ensure you get sufficient sleep to avoid tired eyes and dryness.

• Avoid Air Conditioning/Draughts: Protect your eyes from air conditioning and drafts to prevent dryness and irritation.

• Take Breaks from Screen Work: If you spend a lot of time in front of screens, give your eyes regular breaks. Every 20 minutes, look at something 6 meters away for 20 seconds to relieve eye strain.

• Eye Exercises: Regular eye exercises can also be an effective preventive method to avoid watery eyes and promote overall eye health.

• Optimise Screen Position and Lighting: Ensure your screen is at eye level and that you have adequate lighting to avoid glare. If watery eyes are mainly an issue during screen work, wearing computer glasses can provide relief.

• Stay Hydrated: Drink enough water to keep both your body and eyes properly hydrated.

• Eat a Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids. Foods like fish, leafy greens, carrots, and berries are particularly beneficial.

• Protect Your Eyes from Environmental Factors: Wear sunglasses in sunny weather and, if necessary, protective glasses at work to shield your eyes from dust, pollen, and other airborne particles.

• Avoid Smoke: Avoid exposure to smoke, particularly cigarette smoke, which can cause watery eyes.

• Regular Eye Check-ups: Schedule regular visits to your eye doctor to monitor your eye health and detect potential issues early.

By incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine, you can reduce the risk of watery eyes and improve your eye health.